Barobisha lies in a zone of subtropical plains between the rivers Raidak and Sangosh, both tributaries of the Brahmaputra which display dramatic seasonal fluctuations in volume and flow.

The area has a humid, tropical climate with short, hot summers from mid-March to mid-June, heavy monsoon rainfall between June and September, and relatively mild winters October to March (average minimum air temperatures 38-45 °C/100.6-113°F during summer to around 15 °C/59 °F in winter), although water temperatures can be cool due to snow-melt runoff from the Himalayas.